Introduction to Japanese Language and Culture - Part I

You might be reading this article because you alreadyAs for the written language, Japanese is composed of
have a vast interest in Japanese culture. Perhaps youHiragana, Katakana, and Kanji. Hiragana and Katakana
a fan of Japanese animation or comics. Or you couldare phonetic and have set pronunciations (more or
be an avid video game player with an affinity forless), whereas Kanji are Chinese characters that
Japanese games. Or perhaps you just stumbled hererepresent an idea or image and can have different
for another reason. Whatever your interest, it's likelymeanings and pronunciations depending on how it's
you have at one point or another wished you knewused and contextual factors. The difference between
more about the Japanese language or their society.Hiragana and Katakana is a little tricky to explain, but
Prehistory and Written Languageas a general rule, native Japanese words are written in
For starters, I should give you a quick background onHiragana (or Kanji), and loan words as well as names
the country behind the people. Japan, known as 'Nihon'of some locations, people, animals, plants, ect may be
or 'Nippon' by the Japanese people, is an island nationwritten in Katakana. There are always exceptions
of the coast of East Asia. The actual meaning of itsthough, for example some Japanese people may write
Japanese name is "sun-origin", aptly named because itstheir name in Katakana to seem trendy or unique, or a
eastern location. The English name 'Japan' evolvedword that might have been a loan word originally, like
from Marco Polo's dubbing of 'Cipangu' likely stemming"tobacco", would be written in Hiragana. It may help to
from the pronunciation of 'Zeppen' in the dialect of thethink of Hiragana as a smooth, 'cursive' style used for
then native Chinese he encountered.most common writing, and Katakana as a sort of
The prehistoric people themselves probably moved'block' print used to show distinction. Kanji is used when
from the Korean or Chinese mainland to what is nowa Japanese word has a Kanji counterpart that can
Japan somewhere between 100,000 and 30,000 BC.replace the Hiragana (or in some rare instances, the
The Japanese people have the longest knownKatakana). This is done in adult Japanese writing as
recorded history, going back almost 2600 years! Themuch as possible. Kanji usage shows an increase in
lineage of their emperors supposedly traces back toarticulation, if everything was written in Hiragana
the very first emperor, Jimmu. According to ShintoKatakana, it might seem like it was written for a child
belief, he was the direct descendant of the sunto read, or that the writer was unintelligent. Kanji also is
goddess Amaterasu. Japan has been historicallysaid to improve the flow of the sentence, making it
isolated for most of its existence, only receiving its firsteasier to understand and read quickly. Traditional
verified visitor from China around 499 A.D.Japanese is written vertically, top to bottom, although it
In fact, Japan had no formal writing system until itis no longer uncommon to see Japanese written
borrowed from existing Chinese characters. Evenhorizontally, left to right. In either case though, books,
modern Hiragana and Katakana are evolved, simplifiedpamphlets, ect are written with the content leading right
forms of what was originally Chinese 'hanji'. However,to left, opposite of how western books are written.
it should be noted that the actual spoken languageThis concludes the first part of my introduction into the
evolved completely independent of other languages,various aspects of the Japanese language and culture,
and is unique in that linguists are still debating what, ifplease make sure to check back for future
any connection Japanese has to languages of otherinstallments.
nations.